Kusankha Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Zofunika Kwambiri

Crucibles ndi zotengera zofunika kwambiri poyesera-kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanga mafakitale. Kusankha kwawo kwazinthu kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa zotsatira zoyesera, kupanga bwino, komanso moyo wa zida. Kusankha zinthu zasayansi ndi zomveka kumafuna kulingalira mozama za zinthu zingapo, monga kusasinthasintha kwa kutentha, kusasunthika kwa mankhwala, mphamvu zamakina, ndi mtengo{3}}mwachangu.

Kukana kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ma Crucibles azinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi oyenera kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, ma graphite crucibles amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka madigiri 3000 ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo komanso kusungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Ma crucibles a Quartz, omwe amafewetsa pafupifupi madigiri 1700 , ndi oyenera kuyeserera kochepera-kuyesa kwa mankhwala a kutentha. Ma crucibles a ceramic (monga aluminiyamu) amakhalabe okhazikika pa kutentha pakati pa 1400 digirii ndi 1600 digiri, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kusungunula zitsulo zachitsulo kapena kukonza magalasi.

Kukhazikika kwamankhwala kumatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusungunuka kwa acidic ndi zamchere kumakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka. Mitsuko ya platinamu, chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo kwa asidi ndi dzimbiri ya alkali, imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri{2}}pamakina abwino kwambiri. Mafuta a Nickel-opangidwa ndi alloy crucibles ndi oyenera kusungunuka koma ayenera kupewa kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali ndi ma asidi amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zimatha kusungunuka ndi kusungunula, kubweretsa zonyansa, chifukwa chake ziyenera kufananizidwa bwino ndi zomwe zimafunikira.

Mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta ndikofunikira. Kusinthasintha kwanyengo pafupipafupi kumatha kupangitsa kuti crucible iphwanyike, chifukwa chake kusankha kwazinthu kuyenera kuganizira za kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ma silicon carbide crucibles amapereka matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito zamafakitale zomwe zimafuna kutentha ndi kuzizira mwachangu. Galasi-zobowoleza za ceramic, pomwe zisawonongeke-zosachita dzimbiri, zimakhalanso zolimba ndipo zimafunika kugwiridwa mosamala.

Kukwanitsa kulipiriranso ndikofunikira. Zopangira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali (monga platinamu ndi golide) zimapereka ntchito zabwino kwambiri koma ndizokwera mtengo komanso zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera. Komano, ziboliboli zadongo wamba kapena zitsulo zotayidwa ndizotsika mtengo ndipo ndi zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe zofunikira zaukhondo ndizosavuta.

Mwachidule, kusankha zinthu crucible kuyenera kutengera ntchito yeniyeni, kusanja ntchito, moyo wautali, ndi mtengo kuonetsetsa ndondomeko kudalirika ndi chitetezo.